Gum problems
Bleeding or swollen gums
Gums that bleed when you brush are common, but they are not normal. Most often it is a sign of gum inflammation (gingivitis) that improves with proper cleaning and professional care. Left alone, it can progress to gum disease that loosens teeth.
Reviewed by Dr. Sharifa, BDS ·
Common causes
- Plaque and tartar build-up along the gum line
- Brushing too hard or with a hard brush
- Hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy
- Some medicines and medical conditions, including diabetes
- Smoking, which can hide bleeding while gum disease progresses
Gingivitis and gum disease
Gingivitis affects the gums only and is usually reversible with good cleaning. If it continues, the infection can spread to the bone that holds the teeth (periodontitis). Signs include gums pulling away from teeth, bad breath that does not go away, and teeth that feel loose or have moved.
What usually helps
- Brushing twice a day with a soft brush, angled towards the gum line
- Cleaning between teeth every day with floss or interdental brushes
- A professional cleaning (scaling) to remove hardened tartar
- Keeping blood sugar well controlled if you have diabetes
- Stopping smoking
Gums and general health
Gum disease is linked with diabetes: poorly controlled blood sugar makes gum infection worse, and treating gum disease can help overall health care. If you have diabetes, regular dental check-ups are especially worthwhile. Tell your dentist about any medical conditions and medicines, as some can cause gum swelling or bleeding.
A simple daily routine
- Two minutes of brushing, morning and night, with a soft brush and fluoride toothpaste
- Clean between teeth once a day
- Spit out toothpaste after brushing rather than rinsing it all away
- Replace your toothbrush every three months, or sooner if the bristles splay
- Have your gums checked and teeth cleaned at intervals your dentist recommends
Talk to a dentist soon if
You notice:
- Gum swelling with pain or pus
- Loose teeth or gums pulling away from teeth
- Bleeding that is heavy or happens without brushing
- Swelling that spreads to the face, or fever
Frequently asked questions
Should I stop brushing if my gums bleed?
No. Keep brushing gently and cleaning between teeth. If bleeding does not settle within a couple of weeks, have your gums checked.
Will scaling make my teeth loose?
No. Teeth may feel different because tartar that was filling spaces has been removed. Looseness comes from gum disease itself, not from cleaning.
Why do my gums bleed more during pregnancy?
Hormonal changes make gums more sensitive to plaque. Good cleaning helps, and a dental check-up during pregnancy is safe and recommended.
